summary draft 2 and thesis

Michigan Tech's article "An Energy Breakthrough: Tech Researchers Create New Type of Fuel Cell"(2023) states that hydrogen fuel cells are making advancements and have a role in making clean energy for the world. Fuel cells emit zero emissions, and it is highly efficient as it requires less energy to convert to electrical energy. The efficiency rate for fuel cells is 60% whereas for normal fuel engines is at 30 to 35%.

There are various types of hydrogen fuel cells being utilised in the market. One of the examples will be the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) cells. PEM cells generate electricity by using hydrogen and oxygen.  Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce electricity; it powers electric motors and emits only water vapour. PEM cells are currently being used in the Hyundai Nexo 2019 model. PEM cells have demonstrated a quick start and effective energy generation. It can operate at low temperatures, which is great for automation and portable uses while having high power density. However, pure hydrogen is required for PEM cells and is vulnerable to fuel impurities like carbon monoxide.

Despite their advantages, fuel cell plants face challenges like production costs and transportation issues. Hyundai Motor Company (2013) stated that it costs 1.1 billion dollars to upgrade two fuel cell plants due to the need for expensive materials like platinum. Hydrogen is a flammable liquid and requires high-pressure tanks and cryogenic tanks, which are costly.  

Moreover, despite their interest in the technology, Southeast Asian countries like Singapore lack specialised refuelling infrastructure. Producing hydrogen requires significant energy, relying on non-renewable sources, which undermines the purpose of environmental benefits.   

In conclusion, hydrogen fuel cells are a promising choice for traditional sources like fuel. However, technical and economic challenges are problems we face. As more nations become interested in this innovative technology, there might be more potential to transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.

Thesis statement: Hydrogen fuel cells could help revolutionise clean energy, but without significant technological advancements in infrastructure and cost, their potential will remain unrealised.   

       

4) Global Energy Perspective 2023: Hydrogen outlook | McKinsey 

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Summary Draft 1 + thesis

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Topic: Hyundai Fuel Cell Technology  Hyundai Nexo 2019 model  How a fuel cell engine works  Michigan Tech's article " An Energy Breakthrough: Tech Researchers Create New Type of Fuel Cel l"(2023) states that hydrogen fuel cells are making advancements and have a role in making clean energy for the world. Fuel cells emit zero emissions, and it is highly efficient as they require less energy to convert to electrical energy. The efficiency rate for fuel cells is 60% whereas for normal fuel engines is at 30 to 35%.   According to the Hyundai Motor Company press conference (2023), Hydrogen can be produced by renewable sources like wind, solar and biomass. it is deemed to be a renewable hydrogen potential. It is also versatile as it can power cars, trucks, and stationary power plants in the future. As for refuelling, it takes about 8 minutes to be fully powered whereas else it takes about 20 minutes for an Electric Vehicle (EV) to charge up.     However, there are disadvantage
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